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Introduction to Lathe Types
2021-11-12
Design Cloud
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What types of lathes are there? There are many types of lathes. They are also powerful tools produced in China, as different industries can classify equipment processing methods based on their purposes and functions. Once the processing parts are determined, suitable equipment for the enterprise can be selected. Ordinary lathes have a wide range of processing objects, with a large adjustment range for spindle speed and feed rate, capable of processing the inner and outer surfaces, end faces, and internal and external threads of workpieces. This type of lathe is mainly operated manually by workers, has low production efficiency, and is suitable for single-piece, small-batch production, and repair workshops. Turret and rotary styles have turret tool holders or rotary tool holders that can hold multiple tools, allowing workers to use different tools in sequence to complete various processes in one clamping of the workpiece, suitable for batch production. Automatic lathes can automatically complete multi-process machining of medium and small workpieces according to programs, can automatically load and unload, and repeat the processing of a batch of identical workpieces, suitable for large-scale production. Semi-automatic multi-tool lathes can be classified into single-axis, multi-axis, horizontal, and vertical types. The layout of single-axis horizontal lathes is similar to ordinary ones, but two sets of tool holders are installed at the front and back or up and down of the spindle, used for processing discs, rings, and shaft-type workpieces, with a productivity increase of 3 to 5 times compared to ordinary lathes.
Profile lathes can replicate the shape and dimensions of templates or samples, automatically completing the machining cycle of workpieces, suitable for small-batch and batch production of complex-shaped workpieces, with a productivity increase of 10 to 15 times compared to ordinary lathes. There are types such as multi-tool holders, multi-axis, chuck type, and vertical. The vertical spindle is perpendicular to the horizontal plane, and the workpiece is clamped on a horizontal rotating worktable, with the tool holder moving on a beam or column. It is suitable for processing larger, heavier workpieces that are difficult to install on ordinary lathes, generally divided into single-column and double-column categories. The shaper teeth perform radial reciprocating motion periodically while turning, used for shaping the teeth of shaper milling cutters, rolling cutters, etc. It usually comes with a shaper grinding attachment, driven by a separate motor with a small grinding wheel for grinding the tooth surface. When determining the type of lathe, it is specifically used for processing certain types of workpieces' specific surfaces, such as crankshafts, camshafts, wheels, axles, rollers, and steel ingots. The combined lathe is mainly used for turning, but with additional components and attachments, it can also perform boring, milling, drilling, inserting, grinding, etc., having the feature of "one machine with multiple functions," suitable for repair work on engineering vehicles, ships, or mobile repair stations.
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